El generador de postmortem de incidentes sin culpa: convierte notas de línea de tiempo en bruto en un informe de causa raíz
Why this prompt matters
Postmortems that name names or stay vague about root cause do double damage: they discourage engineers from reporting incidents honestly next time, and their action items — things like 'be more careful' or 'improve monitoring' — never actually get assigned or completed, so the same failure mode recurs months later. A blameless report with specific, owned action items is the difference between an incident that makes the system stronger and one that just gets filed away.
What we use it for
An on-call engineer has a payments API outage from 2am with only scattered Slack timestamps and half-remembered details, and needs to turn that into a clear, professional postmortem before Monday's leadership review — without spending two hours writing it from scratch or accidentally writing something that reads like it's blaming a specific teammate.
Prompt
Act as a senior site reliability engineer who runs blameless postmortem reviews and has written hundreds of incident reports that engineering leadership actually reads and acts on. Context: Here are my raw incident notes — Slack messages, timestamps, monitoring alerts, and half-formed recollections, not yet organized: [PASTE YOUR RAW INCIDENT NOTES HERE] Additional context: The affected system was [SERVICE OR SYSTEM AFFECTED]. The customer-facing impact was [DESCRIBE IMPACT, OR 'UNKNOWN' IF NOT YET ASSESSED]. The people involved in the response were [ROLES INVOLVED, e.g. on-call engineer, database admin, incident commander — not names]. Task: 1. Reconstruct a precise, chronological timeline from the raw notes, with timestamps where available. Explicitly flag any gap where you had to infer information or where something is missing, using [NEEDS CONFIRMATION]. 2. Identify the root cause. Distinguish clearly between the triggering event (what set the incident off) and the underlying systemic cause (what allowed it to happen or made it possible) — these are usually different and both matter. 3. Identify contributing factors separately from the root cause — things that made the incident worse, slower to detect, or slower to resolve. 4. Write the entire report in a blameless tone: describe what systems and processes did, not what individual people did wrong. Attribute actions to roles or systems, never to named individuals, even if names appear in my raw notes. 5. Generate specific, assignable action items. Each one must include an owner placeholder and be concrete enough that someone could start work on it immediately without further clarification. 6. Include a genuine "what went well" section based on real details in the notes — not generic filler. Constraints: - Never name or imply blame toward a specific individual, even if my notes do. - Never invent timeline details not supported by the notes — flag uncertainty instead of guessing. - Produce no more than 5 action items. Force prioritization rather than a laundry list. - Write the summary section for an audience that includes non-engineering stakeholders, but keep the timeline technically precise for engineers. Output Format: ## Incident Summary [2-3 sentences: what happened, customer impact, duration] ## Timeline [Chronological, timestamped events] ## Root Cause [Triggering event vs. underlying systemic cause, clearly separated] ## Contributing Factors [Bulleted list] ## What Went Well [Bulleted list] ## Action Items [Numbered list, maximum 5, each with Owner: [PLACEHOLDER] and a concrete deliverable]
Result
Incident Summary
A 47-minute outage in the checkout payments API prevented approximately 12% of transaction attempts from completing between 02:14 and 03:01 UTC. Customers saw a generic error on payment submission; no charges were duplicated or lost, but an estimated 340 checkout attempts failed and required customers to retry.
Timeline
02:14 — Payment API error rate begins climbing, first automated alert fires (P2, not yet paged).
02:19 — Error rate crosses 10% threshold, PagerDuty escalates to P1, on-call engineer acknowledges.
02:23 — On-call engineer confirms payment-service pods are returning 503s; connection pool to the primary database appears exhausted. [NEEDS CONFIRMATION: exact connection pool metric value at this time was not recorded in notes.]
02:31 — Database admin joins the incident channel, identifies a long-running analytics query holding connections open on the primary replica used by payment-service.
02:38 — Long-running query manually terminated; connection pool begins recovering.
02:45 — Error rate drops below 5%, but does not fully recover.
02:52 — Incident commander identifies that payment-service's connection pool size was not reset after the spike, requiring a rolling restart.
03:01 — Rolling restart completes, error rate returns to baseline, incident resolved.
Root Cause
Triggering event: A scheduled analytics query against the production database replica ran significantly longer than expected, holding open a large share of available database connections.
Underlying systemic cause: The analytics workload and the payment-service's transactional workload share the same database replica and the same connection pool ceiling, with no isolation or query timeout enforced on the analytics side.
Contributing Factors
- No automated query timeout exists for scheduled analytics jobs, allowing a single query to hold connections indefinitely.
- Payment-service's connection pool did not automatically shed and reset after the underlying resource pressure cleared, requiring a manual rolling restart to fully recover.
- The initial alert at 02:14 was P2 severity and did not page anyone for 5 minutes, delaying the start of active response.
What Went Well
- The database admin correctly diagnosed the connection pool exhaustion and identified the specific offending query within 8 minutes of joining the incident.
- No data integrity issues occurred — no duplicate or lost transactions despite the connection pressure.
Action Items
- Add a hard query timeout (recommend 60 seconds) for all scheduled analytics jobs running against production replicas. Owner: [DATABASE TEAM LEAD]
- Move analytics workloads to a dedicated read replica, isolated from payment-service's connection pool. Owner: [INFRASTRUCTURE LEAD]
- Adjust payment-service's initial alert severity for error-rate anomalies from P2 to P1 to reduce time-to-page. Owner: [ON-CALL ENGINEERING MANAGER]
- Add automatic connection pool health checks that trigger a self-healing restart when pool exhaustion is detected, removing the need for manual intervention. Owner: [PAYMENT-SERVICE TECH LEAD]
La mayoría de los postmortems fallan de una de dos formas predecibles. O parecen un informe de culpabilidad — "el ingeniero de guardia pasó por alto la alerta" — lo que enseña a los ingenieros a ocultar incidentes en lugar de reportarlos con honestidad. O son técnicamente precisos pero generan elementos de acción tan vagos que nadie los completa: "mejorar la monitorización", "tener más cuidado", "añadir más pruebas". Seis meses después, el mismo modo de falla se repite.
Este prompt está construido en torno a un puñado de decisiones de diseño específicas para evitar ambos modos de falla.
Por qué se separan la causa raíz y los factores contribuyentes
La mayoría de las notas de incidentes confunden "qué desencadenó esto" con "qué lo hizo posible". Una consulta lenta es un desencadenante. La ausencia de un tiempo de espera de consulta es la causa sistémica que permitió que una consulta lenta se convirtiera en una interrupción. Arreglar solo el desencadenante (matar la consulta problemática) no hace nada para evitar la siguiente. El prompt obliga al modelo a separar estos explícitamente, de modo que los elementos de acción resultantes aborden el sistema, no solo el síntoma.
Por qué se prohíbe el lenguaje de culpabilidad incluso cuando las notas fuente no son imparciales
Las notas de incidente en bruto tomadas en el momento a menudo contienen nombres y señalamientos — eso es normal, no un defecto de carácter. El trabajo del prompt es transformar eso en lenguaje basado en roles y sistemas antes de que se convierta en un documento permanente que leerá la dirección y se consultará durante años. Esto es lo que hace que un postmortem sea seguro de escribir con honestidad en primer lugar: nadie tiene que preocuparse de que su nombre aparezca en un documento que se reenvía por ahí.
Por qué es importante el límite de elementos de acción
Una lista ilimitada de elementos de acción es una lista que nadie ejecuta. Limitarlo a cinco obliga a una priorización real — el modelo tiene que decidir qué correcciones abordan realmente la causa raíz y los factores contribuyentes, en lugar de rellenar el informe con toda idea de mejora tangencialmente relacionada que surgió durante el incidente.
Por qué se marca la incertidumbre en lugar de disimularla
Un postmortem que suena seguro sobre detalles que nadie confirmó es peor que uno que es honesto sobre sus vacíos. La marca [NEEDS CONFIRMATION] evita que el modelo invente números que suenen precisos o marcas de tiempo que no estaban en las notas originales — un modo de falla común cuando se le pide a una IA que haga que una entrada desordenada se vea pulida.
Pega tus notas de incidente en bruto, completa los tres campos de contexto, y el resultado es un documento listo para una revisión por parte de la dirección — con una línea de tiempo, un análisis real de causa raíz y elementos de acción que alguien pueda empezar a trabajar hoy.